Understanding backlash against gender equality: Evidence, trends and policy responses

Opposition to gender equality is not new. Yet 30 years after the adoption of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, anti-gender-equality organizations and movements have found avenues to grow in strength and visibility. In 2025, the latest wave of “gender backlash” is threatening hard-won gains for women and girls. It poses renewed challenges to commitments to the rights of women and girls, and LGBTIQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, plus) persons, while also undermining human rights and democratic institutions more broadly.

Drawing from the latest research by academics and practitioners, this background paper brings together definitions and cross-regional evidence to provide a comprehensive review of the current dynamics of opposition to gender equality and women’s rights and empowerment. It provides insights on effective responses and recommendations for governments, United Nations organizations, and civil society to safeguard and further advance historical gains on gender equality and women’s human rights.